Operators in C Program

• Operators are the symbols used between two operands to perform a particular operation.
• Operators are used to perform logical and mathematical operations in C Programming. 
• The operators join individual constants and variables to form expression. 
• Operators, Functions, Constants and Variables combined together to form expressions.
• Let's take an example- a * b + c
• Here * and + are the Operators.
• 'a', 'b' and 'c' are the variables and we could take some constants.
• Here the variable and constants are called as Operands.
• All are combined to form an expression.
• In general, we could divide the operator into three types as;
1. Unary Operator
2. Binary Operator
3. Ternary Operator
• But as per our use, we could divide the operators into the following types;
1. Arithmetic Operator
2. Assignment Operator
3. Relational Operator
4. Logical Operator
5. Conditional Operator
6. Bitwise Operator
7. Increment/Decrement Operator 
8. Special Operator

Unary Operator

• The operator which act on single operand is known as Unary Operator.
• It takes only one operand.
• It is used to define the +ve and -ve values with the signs like + or-.
• Ex: -a, -b, -3, +5, etc. 
• We won't use the + symbol before any positive number, so we usually write the value only.
• Increment/Decrement operators are Unary operators.
• Ex: --a, ++b, etc;

Binary Operator

• The operators which act on two operands is known as Binary Operator.
• It takes two operands. 
• All the 2nd type of operators list described above are considered as binary type except Increment/Decrement operator.

Ternary Operator

• The operators which act on three operands is known as Ternary Operator.
• Ex: a?b:c
• The expression in the example is called as Conditional Operator.
• Here 'a' is the expression and 'b' is the true statement and 'c' is the false statement.
• Syntax- (expression)?true statement:false statement;
• Ex: (a>18)?printf("Eligible to caste for vote."):printf("No eligible for caste.")

1. Arithmetic Operator

• These operators are used for the basic and common mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc.
• Operators are:
• + : Addition Operator
• - : Subtraction Operator
• * : Multiplication Operator
• / : Division Operator
• % : Modulus Operator
• The modulus operator is always applicable for the integer.
• In the modulus operator, the operator sign will depend always on the sign of the 1st operand.
• ^ : Caret or Power
• Ex: 3^2 = 3²

2. Assignment Operator

• Assignment operators are used to for assigning a variable to a value.
• Mainly the '=' symbol is used for assigning.
• x=2;
• Here 2 is assigned to the variable x.
• x+=2;
• It means x=x+2;
•  We could use x-=2; for x=x-2; and so on for others.

3. Relational Operator

• Relational operators are used to compare the relationship between two operands.

• < :	Less than
  > :	Greater than
  <= :	Less than or equals to
  >= :	Greater than or equals to
  == :	Equals to
  != :	Not equals

• The relational operator returns true of false value.

4. Logical Operator

• Logical operators are used to perform the logical operations.

• && :	Logical AND
  || :	Logical OR
  ! :	Logical NOT
  !(&&) :	Logical NAND
  !(||) :	Logical NOR

5. Conditional Operator

• The conditional operators are used to check whether a given condition is true or false and generate the statement accordingly.
• The conditional operator is the Ternary operator.
• The syntax is:
• (condition)?true statement:false statement;
• If the given condition would true, then the true statement would generate and if not, then the false statement would generate.

6. Bitwise Operator

• C has a distinction of supporting special operators known as Bitwise operator.
• These operators are used for manipulation of data at the bit level.
• A bitwise operator operates on each bit of data.

• & :	Bitwise AND
  | :	Bitwise OR
  ^ :	Bitwise Exclusive
  << :	Shift Left
  >> :	Shift Right

7. Increment/Decrement Operator

• These operators are used to increment or decrement the value by 1.
• These are the unary operators.
• Syntas: Increment/Decrement_operator Variable_name;
• Ex:
• ++a;
• ++b;
• --a;
• --b;
• The above syntax and example are know as pre-increment or pre-decrement.
• Varibale_name Increment/Decrement_operator;
• Ex:
• a++;
• b++;
• a--:
• b--;
• These are called post-increment or post-decrement.

8. Special Operator

• C Programming Language supports some special operatos like Comma (,), Address (&), Pointer (*), sizeof().
• The comma operator is used to link related expression together. It is evaluated from left to right.
• The address operator is used to display the location value of a variable.
• The pointer operator is used to display the vaulue stored in a given address.
• The sizeof() operator is used to display the size of a datatype.